“It is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same sex couples should be able to get married,” Obama said in an interview with ABC’s Robin Roberts.

Obama’s comments came three days after Vice President Joe Biden said in a television interview that he was comfortable with gay marriage, and one day after North Carolina voters amended that state’s constitution to ban it.

The comments made Obama the first president to publicly express his support for gay marriage.

Read More

http://au.news.yahoo.com/queensland/a/-/world/13648386/obama-says-same-sex-couples-should-be-able-to-marry/

A. Methods of psychological testing and identification of persons prone (including easily manipulated) to terrorist acts.

Two. Prevention of terrorism among the younger generation is undertaken on the basis of education to protect against zombies and manipulation (including spiritual).

Three. Education vigilance and observation for possible terrorist acts.

Thus, in order to successfully conduct a preventive anti-terrorist activities, we need to know a typology of potential suicide bombers: martyrs, suicide bombers, etc.

In our view, there is the following typology of potential suicide bombers.

A.  Suicide existentials. must be recognized that the basis for the production of psycho suicide is not only the art of manipulating the consciousness of psychopathological potential suicide bomber, but the phenomenon of existence , inherent in all people – the hidden ability of people to sacrifice their lives for Great Values ​​and Objectives (children, country, God, Holy, etc.) and on this basis, feel its unique nature and value. It is a kind of spiritual manifestations of the instinct of his own death wish. For this feeling of existence, many artificially expose themselves to various risks: playing Russian roulette, go to war, engaged in extreme experiences, etc. It is this higher barrier to overcome is the source of a particular euphoria, a feeling-called existence. Man is always open to the soul, to feel his existence, a feeling which, according to existential philosophy, the only possible situation in the border between life and death. It is existential, in our opinion, the aircraft was piloted by September 11, 2001. There was no zombies, no psychopathology, it was normal to the mental point of view of people, due to the fact that they are creatively and intelligently carried out this terrorist act.

Unconscious (masked) curiosity about his own death is at all. Only in a state of existence possible to the true sense of life itself. However, it is this ability of the organizers of terrorism and use in their spiritual and pseudo-psy manipulation.

Existentials very unpredictable in terms of identifying the individual. Sometimes it is difficult to even imagine that some of them may be able to attack. In particular, the attack can be a protest against globalization and social zombie dollar of anything and everything, which kills the sense of existence.

Two.  Terrorists, psychopaths. If terrorists existential act on the basis of the highest form of the instinct of his own death, then that type is based on the lowest level of the instinct of death. It manifests itself in the form of sadomasochism, aggression, psychopathology, mania, and delusions of grandeur (the world-famous on TV to become the Holy Chosen One and so on. Etc.) They often shoot at all, “Kennedy and Lennon.” This type requires minimal handling and manipulation. They are sufficient to indicate the impact on the target and justify the values ​​that a suicide bomber “will” after his death.

3.  Suicide suitsidniki. They suffer from severe depression, due to which they have no value and meaning of life (positive emotions, etc.) that would have tied them to life. This kind of want to get rid of the pain by turning his own life. The organizers asked them about the terrorism that it was off to the “benefit” not only for them (suitsidnikov), but for others, ie in the right situation for a terrorist act. This type, as it sells or donates his desire for the good of suicidal terrorism. The organizer of terrorism creates an environment that exacerbate suicidal wishes of the victim and take advantage of them.

4.  Suicide childish. It is often illiterate, infantile (not capable of learning and cognition) and the poor fans (especially religious), who believe in the existence of a primitive “other world” where there will be a full abundance of all sorts of pleasures and joys. Only, they forget that the joy – it is always the product and overcome the deficit, which the “other world” will not. Their faith is based on poverty and hunger, which they have suffered during this life. The organizers of terrorism is always aware that “feed” of suicide bombers can not be that they have always had a desire to “eat” in paradise. Among this group of patients many of the initial form of mental retardation. Psychological manipulation in this case is based on cognitive structures (the victim of ignorance and illiteracy)

5.  Suicide zombies. This is one of the most common techniques of manipulation, based on the physiological effects on the structure. In this case, artificially (often hidden manner, through systematic and long-term podsypanie drug in the tea and soup) creates a psychological and physical dependence on psychoactive substances (drugs, “marijuana”, etc.) On this basis, developed severe depression that allows you to “pump “the consciousness of information about the enemy, which is the cause of all this suffering of the victim. Although the main enemy is the drug of which the victim is not aware of. Excessive periodic drug use leads to a gradual degradation of consciousness and loss of mental control, which contributes to better delineation of the outer repeats and attitudes (ie narkogipnoza and zombies) for specific terrorist operations. In this case, the bomber will always lead (pasture), and only at the final stage is left alone. It is evident that most zombie women, due to the fact that the degradation processes caused by the drug they take place more rapidly than in men.

6.  suicide widow. It should be highlighted a phenomenon that we call ” the phenomenon of ever-suffering widow . ” The socio-psychological studies show that many widows after the death of the spouses for a long time, until his own death, suffer from depression. And often, it is not associated with feelings of the widow of the deceased, and a prolonged depression caused by her alcoholism, which began from the day of commemoration. In other words, there is a secondary phenomenon of depression, some kind of way associated with the death of a spouse (primary depression), and is associated with alcoholism widow. (Most of the nondrinkers widows do not suffer). Although the widow may seem that all suffering is caused by the death of her husband. This phenomenon is what the organizers are using terrorism.

The problem of terrorists seize a widow suffering from the hands of family members and doctors to provide “assistance”. She starts taking drugs to relieve the suffering of flour. Because of this, with the development of drug addiction, depression is aggravated by her husband. On this basis, installation being introduced “to avenge the death of a spouse.” Thus, in this case, prevention of terrorism will be based on how much can intercept the widow of the hands of dangerous for her “well-wishers.”

7.  Suicide solidarniki. In this case, a sense of solidarity is a dangerous psychological trap for potential suicide bomber. It should not strike those who have already gone to heaven. He must also like them to leave this world and “to meet them in heaven,” as they are waiting for him there. Psychologists are not yet fully explored the phenomenon of solidarity. But there are methods of neuro-linguistic programming, aimed at removing dangerous depending on solidarity.

8.  Suicide operated. So far, we have considered the potential suicide bombers, who were victims of manipulation and for them the illusion of independence was characterized by the decision and, therefore, a suicide bomber was a terrorist attack because of “his own accord and will.” That is, there was a hidden impact of the manipulators and organizers of terrorism. In this case, everything is done in the open. The victim does not want to die, but for some reason (violence, financial dependence, money, benefits for their families after the death of a martyr, duty, penalty, redemption, responsibility, hopelessness, a gun behind his back, for shame and redemption, etc. ) In addition, all organized in a way that the victim was bound to go on the attack. For example, the kamikaze pilots were selected parachute, landing gear, etc.

9.  Suicide hybrids. It should be noted that the above typology of conditional and in fact there are mixed types of potential suicide bombers.

Now, from the psychological phenomena of terrorism move on to the social.

Due to the fact that we live in an era of postmodernism (the phenomenon of mass media and information technology), terrorism is now taking the specific features that differ from past terrorist acts (for example, the phenomenon of suicide bombers). Suicide terrorism was the product of modernism, which was:

1. The specific enemy, which must be destroyed.
2. The exact place where the enemy is.
3. The consequences of suicide are reflected on a small plot of land.
Modern terrorism – is transterrorizm, which is already mixed not only with politics and economics, and religion, etc. To date there is no specific terrorist enemy is so often not what killed nevinovatye people. For terrorists, the violence itself is not important per se, but the resonance, which can be caused by a terrorist attack around the world. The planet as never before the synergies and become unpredictable . Martyrs are postmodern suicide bombers.

Random acts of terrorism arising from pathological personalities, local criminal gangs, political dissidents (revolutionaries), artists, loners, and so on, now go into the background. (Although they also can not be put out of focus as in any social group is the percentage of operating covertly aggressive personalities. Also can not ignore the role of archetypes of society, formed revolutionary and communist past of Russia.). Terrorism has now acquired a clear focused features, due to opposition to the pragmatic prosperous West and experiencing negative social turmoil and trials of the East. Russia was just a border zone of confrontation. Thus, now more than ever intensified global political and economic interests and terrrorizm become a disguised form of war between East and West. He became a mute dialogue of this war. In this case, both parties pretend that nothing is happening and will not accept responsibility for these actions, earning dividends and political power. Therefore, performers, apparently, sometimes do not know the true holistic understanding of the role and place of terrorist acts in this complex socio-political and economic confrontation, satisfied only with material or manic-psychological satisfactions, fueled by various ideologies (national, religious, military, etc. ) and revenge for their dead relatives. Therefore, in general, in our opinion, all the performers hypothetically can be divided into the following groups:

1. Pragmatics of a purely financial interest. (According to the latent soc. Survey is a percentage and it will grow with the worsening financial situation.)
2. Actors acting in front of the whole society. This group meets its manic psychological needs through the media. One has only to stop coverage of terrorist acts in the media as they disappear abruptly interest in terrorism.
3. Avengers of dead relatives.
4.Psychopathological personality.
5. National Patriots (rigidity and religious identity). Their number decreases as they receive objective information about the place and role of terrorism in the society.
6. Psychogenetically aggressive nuggets (causeless phenomenon of terrorism).
7. Activists such as “The People vs. the Mafia.”
8. Proactive reketirov.
9. Mixed type.
Thus, in our opinion, the problems with the choice of perpetrators of terrorist acts have no customers. Society has a significant social group, predisposed to commit terrorist acts. Therefore, the aims and objectives of performers and customers, in most cases, does not seem to coincide. This is only the hand by the customers due to the fact that because of this it is difficult to calculate.

Objects are selected according to the terrorists of the space-physical (closed space and the features of the propagation of the blast wave), time (optimal in terms of people and the police), geopolitical (strategic resources and the leaders of Russia’s regions), socio-contrast (difference in welfare and poverty), situational (the inability to hold the explosives), confounding factors, etc.

Thus, it is difficult to point to the alleged objects. This wide range, absorbing everything that corresponds to the above factors.

Strategy and tactics of terrorist acts are only likely customers. The basic tactic is a clever use of the breaks between acts of terrorism, in order to reduce the vigilance of law enforcement. Thus, a long-term process.

Optimism is only the fact that in Russia there is a large gap between the potential (calculated on the basis of the number of free explosives per capita and the predisposed to terror groups, social), or commit terrorist acts. Credit for this is not law enforcement officials and potential customers and performers who have not yet lost all sense of reason.

Frequent reports of captured planes or buses exploded embassies or subway stations – it is something far, does not specifically address us. But do not relax well as potential terrorists among us is not so little.

Thanks to Freud, many of our inventions were somehow tied to human sexual energy (libido). After the Second World War, the great Freud spat on his labored long years of psychoanalysis, disillusioned with the culture of Germany, so nice to write, speak, who loved classical music, and suddenly turned into a fascist. “Oh, my God! – Freud said. – I thought that might come out as strong a sexual energy, but it turns out mortido – the energy of the death instinct and aggression – does not sleep … “(Mortido – a power voltage from the destruction, damage, removal. Greatest satisfaction is achieved mortido by murder or suicide. – Of Psychology. dictionary).

As a result of a poll conducted by us, 28% oproshennnyh said that the terrorists – is the most desperate and hopeless people. 12% of respondents think something like this: the terrorists – are “traders”, which is important to make, and by any means. 11% of respondents believe their mentally ill people, and half a percentage point – the patriots.

In today’s society, man is in a state of frustration (frustration – the inability to release tension because of the difficulties associated with the surrounding reality, or internal mental conflict. – Of Psychology. Dictionary), that is, his goals in life are blocked, desires do not match the capabilities, and hence the confusion.

Hopelessness releases energy mortido …

As you can see from the above results of sociological research, nearly half of those surveyed found it difficult to define Kazan terrorists. And it is curious that none of the residents did not express strongly negative attitude towards him, as a villain worthy of extermination. Of course, it is difficult to distinguish between terrorism and heroism. Especially here, where many generations were brought up to the “heroic deeds” for example, Alexander Ulyanov, which the canons of the world’s terrorist is commonplace.

Terrorism must be considered on a metaphysical level (fight of religions), social (“Cold War”), socio-psychological (personal communication with the state), psychological (the confrontation between individuals, the individual and collective), physiological (lunges mentally ill people). There are criminal and economic terrorism.

There is a concept that is terrorism as hygiene of the world, saying that would not have it, the earth would be choked by war.

In operational terms, to combat this phenomenon, we have come far: guns, firecrackers, the guys in helmets and carrying automatic weapons, plans for the capture … But to the preventive work should be closely connected psychologists and the media.

A person can become a pawn in someone else’s big and dirty game, and then, having played his part – a scapegoat. As a rule, which took place subsequently destroyed by a terrorist. And his role, which he considered too important, is negligible.

But terrorists are not only weak-willed, measurable training people whose hands the main manipulators are doing their job, but too power-hungry, are not able to achieve success in another area. “I dream of taking aim at the president. What a sweet feeling – to feel its power over him “- a recognized such a” hero. ” These people are mentally ill: they suffer from delusions of some kind – “the whole world in my hands.”

Kohl Energy mortido “sitting” in all of us, it theoretically could be a terrorist, anyone – it all depends on his intelligence, psychological health, as well as on the situation in the country. Of particular concern are the kind of “males”, available in the “cell” of society. For example, a small school bully, itching just like that, no reason to knock someone’s head. At the household level, it is better not to interact with the individual asking the question: “What are you doing to me is not looking?” Should be above this subject and refer to him as a patient.

It is likely to become terrorists in children prone to zhivoderstvu, as well as … for long periods sitting at computers, because the latter lost traction to the living world.

When the psychoanalyst deals with terrorist held, then came to the conclusion that the “soldier” came to his present position for many years, and it all started with no faults, for example, in the family. Greater threat spike attacks is increasing the number of drug addicts, who, without the required dose in a state of frustration and ready for anything. Contribute to risk stratification, and the impoverishment of society. It is dangerous to hold feasts during the plague, and near-poor to erect huts fashioned palaces. Therefore, in the cities of the civilized countries in order to avoid provocation, irritation, there is a clear separation of the rich, average and poor neighborhoods …

The Company has dropped, it became a sinner, and therefore so popular hidden diabolical form of communication between people and countries. Terror – a disease not only to the entire planet, but also each individual.

In the 80s, Peter Rosenfeld, a professor of psychology combined test for deliberate guilt recording of brain electrical activity. He measured the brain waves, called P300, which occurs in response to a visual stimulus after a delay of 300 milliseconds, and can be detected by electrodes attached to the head

The study involved 29 students were divided into two groups: the “guilty” and “innocent.” Group of “guilty” was given a document that explained that they should play the role of terrorists planning to attack, and described the four ways of carrying out attacks, the types of bombs, which can be used, place in Houston and Texas, which can be attacked, and date a possible attack in July.

After this fictitious attack was planned, they wrote a letter to his imaginary head, which describe their chosen options, in order to better remember details of the plan. Members of the group of “innocent”, and made plans for the holidays.

Then, both groups had shown a long list of words on a computer screen, while the researchers measured their P300-response. Most of the words were neutral with respect to the fictitious attack, but there were inserted a few specific words relating to the developed plan, which caused an increase in the number of P300 waves among those participants who knew about the details of a fictitious attack.

Researchers were able to correctly identify all members of the group “guilty”, never made a mistake. Also, they were able to identify most of the details relating to the future “attack”, correctly identifying the time and place of attack.

According to a study by British experts in the field of mental health, only one of five soldiers who served in Iraq in January and February 2009, showed signs of psychological stress. Post-traumatic syndrome was identified in less than 4%.

Doctors and psychologists have noted that symptoms of anxiety and stress disorder show, basically, women and junior ranks. As they themselves admit, the stress they cause fear of being killed.

As representatives of civil professions, they more often revealed elevated levels of stress, as well as post-traumatic syndrome. For example, members of rescue services in the UK on the stress tests show better results on psychological distress than soldiers.

The experts made known hypothesis about the causes of this situation. In their view, this is due to regular training to combat stress, carried out in army units. Plays a significant role here, and an elaborate system of recreation soldiers at the weekend.

Previously, scientists have shown that trauma and stress in early life permanently alter the work of genes in an organism, which has a negative effect on the behavior and even mental abilities.

Office workers whose immediate managers work remotely, receive less feedback, feel less important and less satisfied with their jobs. This is indicated by the study of American Scientists, Timothy D. Golden from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Alan Frome from the market research agency GfK Custom Research.

Study and scientific analysis has undergone a degree of influence that leaders have on employees with different mode of operation.

The results showed that the less subordinates in direct contact with the boss, the less the effect may have a head for their employees.

The maximum impact – the leaders of the traditional mode of operation. This is natural. Managers who spend part of the week outside the office, have less influence on their subordinates. And the most minimal impact – for those managers who never appear in the office.

It is noteworthy that remote workers who do not have to sit in an office environment all day, more than satisfied with their work, more productive and more loyal to their employers and management.

The results will be useful to those companies in which telework – the most popular option. Possessing this information, managers can prepare for possible problems in the teams entrusted to them.

Researchers do not deny remote management, as such. However, the bosses will not be superfluous to take additional measures to their employees feel valued and receive regular feedback from superiors, interacting with subordinates on a regular basis.

This is more prosaic than the medication was recently the subject of research neuro scientists, who found that the emotional pain and suffering “nest” in the same part of the brain as physical pain. They also learned that the wounded feelings (for example, because you threw a loved one) is completely possible to “cure” pain relievers.

In the three-week experiment, researchers from the University of California (University of California, USA), was attended by 62 adults. Some of them took Tylenol (acetaminophen American name), and another part – a placebo (a harmless chemical substance under the guise of medicine).

None of the subjects did not know he was taking paracetamol, or placebo, however, all study participants, who recently, in one way or another, suffered from unrequited love, and break-up, had to inform researchers about what they experienced a sense of lonely nights in the study period . As it turned out, those who received one thousand milligrams of painkillers a day (about two tablets), felt great emotional relief. Those who took a placebo, it could not boast.

In another test, study participants were taking part in a computer simulation game of human relations, according to the scenario where a player throws a computer character. At the time of the game, each participant was subjected to experimental brain scan, which showed the activity of those areas that were responsible for emotional distress.

It turned out that the pain that occurs at a time when a man throws his partner, is formed in the same part of the brain as physical pain. This is the anterior cingulate cortex. It is assumed that the same brain regions are involved when a person expects rejection of any social group.

The researchers then repeated the same test by giving some of the participants of paracetamol, and another – a placebo. As expected, those who took paracetamol, reacted less active anterior cingulate cortex to emotional trauma than those who took placebo.

“Denied the strongest feelings cause emotional distress in humans. If you ask any person to recall his earlier and most unpleasant experience, it is generally call a failed love or bad experience of social relations “, – said Eyzenberger Naomi (Naomi Eisenberger), Associate Professor of Social Psychology, University of California.

According to the professor, it has its own logic, which explains the fact why the emotional pain is often compared to physical pain. However, as scientists say, the underlying mechanisms of this connection, it still unknown.

Researchers found that the harsh economic conditions, more men are having sex and do not tend to form lasting relationships, preferring a model “for one night.” Evolutionary psychology explains this fear of death and the subconscious desire to survive, increasing the chance to leave behind more offspring.

Recently, social psychologists from the University of Kansas conducted a study in which they first made a group of men think about their own death, and another – a toothache, and then showed them images of a sexual nature or images on abstract themes. The objective was to determine whether the fear of death spurs sex drive. In the group where the subjects were thinking about the threat of their lives, they respond to erotic images faster, their pulse quickens. In the second group, the reaction rate for the same picture was much lower, the pulse smoother. On the images are not erotic men react the same way regardless of what they were asked to think about. The researchers explain this by saying that there is a person unconscious desire for reproduction, planted by nature.

In turn, researchers from the UK has recently established a very surprising regularity. It turns out people who are more likely to think about his age, and death from old age or sudden death from an accident, who are afraid of dying … these people harm themselves to much more simply careless people. Heart attack for fear, and fearful of death more often ends in fatal …

It turns out that if you are calm at the moment when you, like, “grabbed the heart,” at times increases your chances of survival, in this we say scientists. Panic – the worst possible for this “help”. Another interesting fact is that people who survive a heart attack, but of course with experienced enormous stress, and then much worse than recovering from a heart attack received, and may get another one immediately after the first – and the heart for them will be a lethal …

Scientists have made a final conclusion: fear of death – is not only quite recently it was thought, a certain emotion, it turns out, is also a powerful factor affecting all of our health in general. It turns out, the calmer people perceive their possible death (and in fact one way or another, we all die sometime), so it is better for them! And they live much longer.

Now the fear of death and its development. Youth with its limitations quickly. There comes a maturity that brings maximum freedom, while at the same time, the maximum liability. In the foreground stands the desire to take their place in society. Become very important and significant age-old questions of material security, career advancement and prestige.

The first words coming out of the mouth of a mature man – “to strive for and achieve.” A mature person leaves romanticism, departs from the youthful fun and gets straight to the real network and the functional world. He is always anxious to take a more comfortable position in these “networks”. There is no time to stay and be alone with himself, always haunted by the ghost of lost opportunities, unfinished business.

Most people “comfortably”, but in reality enmeshed in a web of relationships mechanized, completely oblivious to the fact that it is intended to be a person. He is betting on life as a body, and look solely to satisfy their immediate needs.

Consequently, a person threatened with three deaths: biological – the complete cessation of physiological functions, social – the loss of their place in society, the fear of complete loss of the social “mask” leads people to suicide, spiritual – when a man loses his face, like a deity.

What is the fear of death, which often has a personality? The older people are, the more they fear death. They seem to feel her breath, which is close to them year after year is getting closer and closer. Mature people are very insecure. Their fears are pursuing sick, accident, etc. But the fear of death itself is so strong that people just do not think about it. And if he thinks, takes the horror at the thought that once the time comes, and will forever leave this life.

Scientists say that a man is not afraid of the fact of death, fear of uncertainty after it. The fact that the death is unknown, a mature man plunges into a panic. Fear of the unknown pursued him everywhere in life. People are even afraid of what they know not what tomorrow will bring.

Of course, if we thought only of death, or knew her date, then our lives would be a nightmare. In this case, requires faith. If you look at the world a little philosophical view and realize that everything that is arranged, and even death itself – is a natural process that will necessarily lead us to one big, certain, and natural goodness. If you can believe it, your life will be calmer and happier.

Fear – is primarily a natural instinct. Imagine what would happen if a person was deprived of his fear, he would not hesitate to jump from 20 floors … To some extent, fear is natural and necessary reaction, it is protective.

But now I am talking about the devastating fear of feeling, which limits our freedom, the fear of unjustified and sometimes injected by the man himself. Fear is dangerous because it spreads and intensifies, if not to put his shield. Fear turns a man into a dwarf, making it a foolish and weak. And if a man will not fight the fear, the day will come when the fear begins to define his life.

Suffer from the fear of many managers. There are more than you can imagine. Many of them have learned quite cleverly hide their fears, but most had to resort to using psihofarmatsevticheskih funds. If you treat people suffering from fear, you should not go that route. Block the path of fear, get your inner freedom. Analyze your status by answering the following questions.

• What are you afraid?
• When this fear first appeared, there was a specific reason for this?
• You generally would call a cowardly person?
• When there is fear?
• In what situations fear is weaker or stronger?
• How does your sense of fear?
• What do you do to overcome fear?

If fear is not an expression of you have any disease, if you suffer from fear at all, then you can easily learn how to get rid of this feeling. No need to mask the fear, beginning to any case, do not try to suppress this feeling. Treat fear as to the fact, and, in doing exactly the following guidelines before as there own, do not let it occur.

The causes of most fears are insufficient self-confidence, negative thinking, the presentation is clearly unrealistic inflated claims to itself. To overcome the fear to be clear for yourself what to get rid of it you can in the same way that you allowed him to master himself. You may not know the mechanism of action of fear, and you just let things drift, allowing the destructive thoughts more and deeper root in your subconscious. If you do not affect themselves, will do more for you. If you do not take care of to your subconscious mind filled with positive content, it flows uncontrollably gush of stuff. After all, you do not eat everything, but think of the food selectively. Why do you care less attitude to the choice of spiritual food?

When fixed in your mind constructive positive thoughts, negative nature of the program loses its meaning, and fear is waning.

Work hard, use a properly fitted formulas of autosuggestion. Avoid suggestions such as: “I do not feel fear.” It is better to say to yourself: “I am calm and confident, I can cope with any situation.”

Not focusing on fear, do not take him much. First of all, acknowledge it in his presence. After working for some time with the formulas of self-hypnosis, you will notice that they became more confident and relaxed. Fear recede into the background, you feel that you are indeed able to cope with all situations, including with that previously caused you fear. You will feel an incredible sense of liberation and relief.

Scientists are exploring the state of stress and its effects on people have found that shy timid people can immerse themselves in the alpha state. Not surprisingly, shy people can not express their creative abilities. But it is precisely this ability we have to use to be able to experience the joy of life, to cope with the demands which makes us a life, take dormant within us the strength and ability to maintain the value of life.

Mistakes and failures are not elude anyone, so you need to learn to live with them, because there is no infallible. Errors should become a lesson. Instead of repeatedly making the same mistake, you have to learn to draw lessons from them, only then can move forward. Fall is not a shame, is unacceptable to lie prostrate. Think of mistakes as an opportunity to change and enrich their life experience. Then you will not be afraid to make mistakes. Your help to further develop creative creative thinking There is one positive aspect: to err is human. Recognize the right to make wrong decisions, move with great self-control failures, and always keep looking forward! You are not given the correct decision taken in the past, the wrong decision, but you can learn a lot by getting this life lesson.

Do not keep records failures! What really matters is the good luck moving forward.

The political leadership in democratic systems

In a democratic society to the political leaders increasingly began to refer people who do not occupy official positions of command, but the popular and influential participants in political life, as well as regional political leaders, acting independently and innovatively.

Because of this political leader – a person who best reflects and protects the interests of the people or a particular social group, has a set of qualities needed politician, willing and able to consolidate the efforts of others and to actively influence the process in order to achieve identified and put forward their objectives.

The problem arises only political leader in the presence of certain political freedoms, that is, in a democracy. If totalitarianism and avtokratizme problem of political leadership does not exist, there is only dictators and nomenclature that come to power under the laws of leadership, and by the laws of “capture rights.” Therefore, the phenomenon in our country’s political leadership did not appear until the beginning of alternative elections to Soviets of People’s Deputies at the end of the period of adjustment.

The modern politician, a leader in a democratic society must possess certain qualities and abilities.

The first and indispensable quality of political leadership is the ability to accumulate and qualified to adequately express in their work interests of the masses. Thus, the leader can be a coincidence, intuitively divining the interests of the general, or specifically, identifying and exploring these interests. And sometimes lead contender for accumulating short-term interests of a particular social group, more often – the crowd, sometimes completely dissolved in them. In this case, it is no longer a leader, but simply a leader who can not give up indulging in “lower classes”.

Second, a true leader, in contrast to the leader himself must continually put forward new ideas or to combine and improve them. From a political leader is required not only to collect, inventory and codification of the interests of the masses, but it is their pioneering understanding, development and correction. Thus, the political leader must have an innovative, constructive thinking, allows him to create his original program. All the well-known political leaders, went down in history thanks to the novelty and originality of their programs.

Program leaders today have many drawbacks:

• negativity (the program are based solely on the charges and flagellation “enemies”);
• absence of final and primary goal;
• substitute means of achieving goals (goal – the welfare and development of a free people, but a means – and the democratization of the market. But most of these funds are now regarded as a target).

The political program of the leader must be motivational and strong, that is, it should give a clear answer to the voter: what are the benefits, welfare gains he and his family in case of successful implementation of the tasks of the leader.

The third most important quality to be the leader of the political awareness . Political information should be first and foremost ensure that the joints do not overlook the interests of social groups, regions, nations and states in general.

The fourth essential quality – the lexicon of political leader . Currently, the lexicon of most political leaders out of date or colored modern terms without understanding.

The fifth quality – a sense of political time , we have the ability to take timely action. On the basis of political time, the leader should feel “its cycle.” The leader, as well as any other public

goods creates demand, the market, not vice versa. It is worth it “stale,” that is not to feel the change of political conditions to which he was not able to adjust and it becomes either a laughingstock or a disaster for his organization of the country.

Political leadership in authoritarian systems

One of the most common types in the history of the political system is authoritarian. Historical experience shows that there is an authoritarian regime, as a rule, in countries where there is a change of the social system, accompanied by a sharp polarization of political forces in countries where there are long-term economic and political crisis that democratic means impossible.

Political leadership in authoritarian systems has its own characteristics:

• As a rule, the leader may be one person or group. It can be a charismatic leader, monarch, a military junta, dictator. Theirs is unlimited and uncontrolled power of society. Authoritarian society creates a deep divide between the people and political power.
• Authoritarian leaders do not justify their actions striving for high goals. They simply state that society is on the brink, and take upon itself the task to save him, after which, they claim they are willing to give up power.
• All political activity is the exclusive function of political power.
• Formation of the ruling elite is not a democratic way, and by appointment at the top. As a result, the environment authoritarian leader is chosen on the basis of personal sympathy and loyalty to the leader, and not according to his professional qualities and capabilities.
• Under the authoritarian regime of the lower functions of political leaders associated with violence and coercion, even though they occupy a central place. Maintaining the credibility of the first leading political functionary – the most important task of the ruling groups of all media and elements of the authoritarian system.

Political leadership and dictatorship

Most regimes have been known to mankind dictatorial. Of course, it was rarely full power the dictatorship of one man. Most often, even in formally unlimited power of a tyrant, there is a ruling oligarchy, with the interests which it must be considered.

However, until recently, the possibility of a wide layer managed to influence the management, let alone choose them very rare.

The dictator always comes as a savior, as the defender of the common man from enemies and from the chaos. But no dictatorship could not fulfill all his promises – to provide people with high living standards, stability and security. Success always been purely temporary, and the terrible retribution if dictators are not enough reason to give time and responsibility. Hitler built the road and gave the Germans a job, but it ended in military defeat and partition of the country. Portugal, after fifty years of government pro-fascist regime was the poorest country in Western Europe. In North Korea, Ethiopia, Iraq, and dictatorship in the Philippines brought misery and blood.

Dictatorships are different. Some of them restrict the political rights of citizens, without interfering in the economy, or religion. Some of the dictators can rule without bloodshed, if not, then at least without massive repression. But there is a totalitarian dictatorship, seeking full control of all aspects of human life and society who sacrifice their targets millions of lives, not stopping at no crime.

The leaders of dictatorial regimes are well aware how important it is that citizens believe that the state is precisely their interests. And since, in reality, if only because of the lack of effective feedback and inevitably higher than in democratic countries, corruption and dictatorial authority does not represent the interests of the people to maintain a sense of the unity government and the people should have a huge and costly ideological apparatus. The purpose of this device – embedded in the consciousness of men illusory, distorted picture of the world, in which the state and the people are in one piece, and because even the question of the possibility of finding another, more efficient system of government shows bad faith, or the inadequacy of the one who asks this question. The more rigid and is economically inefficient dictatorship, the more effort and money spent on a regular and mandatory brainwashing that begins with kindergarten and ends only after death.

Psychological mechanisms of the stability of the dictatorial regime

The stability of the dictatorial regime is supported by psychological mechanisms, not binding on democracies.

A. One of them – emotionally . The state itself, and those who personify it, become objects of ecstatic feeling, a feeling of love. Interestingly, if the word love is almost alien to the political vocabulary of democratic countries, then under a dictatorship, it is one of the most common. For example, in the USSR “and the beloved mother” was not only the homeland, but the leaders, including local government, any state institution, such as the army and the school, and of course party.

Understanding that the regime is on the fear of terrorism and certainly not on respect for citizens’ law and order, as well as the irrational affects, largely determines the internal policies of dictatorial regimes. Any State shall, within certain limits, to control the behavior of citizens, tracking the speed on the roads of the police – one of the manifestations of such control. But the dictatorship seeks to control emotions, punishing people for the wrong emotions and encouraging for the right. The correct sense of his subjects – love, admiration, gratitude – give dictators a sense of security. They are no longer afraid of the revolution – a palace coup. They may not fear the terrorists – they loyal citizens of their bodies shut down. And because the right emotions are a matter of national importance.

In addition to the mandatory policy preferences, the dictatorship of a man dictate what music should be like him, what literary works should be admired, and which – righteous anger. Extremely negative attitude towards love, which is characteristic for all dictatorial regimes, is also associated with an attempt to totalitarian control over the senses. The love between a man and a woman, or parental love, suggesting that the interests of a loved one at some point may be placed above all else – a sense hostile to the dictatorial government. That it should have been the sole object of passionate love, all the other relationships are permitted only to the extent that they do not interfere with this general sense. Not accidentally, one of the main characters of the epic became an official Soviet Pavlik – a child who denounced his own father.

Of course, the dictatorial power can not only rely on the love of his subjects. It is necessary that people not only loved but also feared.

2.  mechanism of fear . Repressive apparatus of the dictatorship is never idle, identifying not only those who are against the regime, they have long been cleared – but those who could be against it.

Three.  mechanism of bribe . At the same time carried out a large-scale bribery of those who have faithfully served the government. It’s not that hard to do, even in absolute poverty-stricken country, if only the state had a monopoly on the distribution of everything. People do not so important to live well, it is important to live better than others.

For example, in a complex system of Soviet society, all sorts of privileges was founded under Lenin and since then has only widened, dividing people into categories. Everyone involved in a government, even a cleaner who worked in the building of the District Party Committee, or the driver obkomovskogo garage had something – a special clinic, cheaper products, the ability to queue to purchase train tickets. In a country where the word “buy” was an anachronism, and was superseded by more adequate reality – the “get”, it was extremely important. A higher-level privileges to start is not so much physical as psychological, which are a symbol of belonging to a higher authority. For example, giving exactly the same as that of the official rank lower, but located in a ‘closed’ village. Or office, the same as before, but on another floor, or with a personal toilet.

But how well would have been no widespread system of privilege, the majority of those who support the regime can not be covered by them. They do not get on the dictator’s nothing but misery and suffering.